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The most common testing method for bone density is Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA). DXA is a technique used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and is considered the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing fracture risk. It works by passing two X-ray beams at different energy levels through the bones, typically the spine, hip, or forearm. The amount of X-ray radiation absorbed by the bones is then measured, allowing for the calculation of bone density. DXA scans are quick, non-invasive, and typically performed in clinics or hospitals.